Rare earth element | erbium (Er)

In 1843, Mossander of Sweden discovered the element erbium. The optical properties of erbium are very prominent, and the light emission at 1550mm of EP+, which has always been a concern, has special significance because this wavelength is precisely located at the lowest perturbation of the optical fiber in fiber communication. Erbium ions (Er *) are excited by light at wavelengths of 880nm and 1480mm, and transition from the installed state 415/2 to the commercial state 213/2. When Er * in the high-energy state transitions back to the ground state, it emits 1550mm wavelength light, Quartz optical fibers can transmit various wavelengths of light, but the light attenuation rate varies. The optical fiber with a 1550mm frequency network has the lowest optical transmission time in quartz optical fibers (o. 15a1/krm), almost reaching the lower limit of the image.

(1) Therefore, when fiber optic communication is used as signal light at 1550mm, the optical loss is minimized. In this way, if a suitable lane without doping is used for communication systems, the amplifier can act according to the principle of laser. Therefore, in telecommunications networks that need to amplify wavelength 1550mm/optical signal, bait doped fiber amplifiers are essential optical components. Currently, doped silica fiber amplifiers have been commercialized. According to reports, in order to avoid useless absorption, the doping range of erbium in the fiber is tens to hundreds of PPm (LpPm-10-.). The rapid development of fiber optic communication will open up new fields for the application of erbium.

(2) In addition, the baited laser crystal and its output, the 1730nm laser and 1550nm laser are safe for human eyes and brains, have good atmospheric transmission performance, have strong ability to penetrate the smoke in the battlefield, have good confidentiality, are not easy to be detected by the enemy, and have a large contrast when illuminating military targets. They have been made into a portable laser rangefinder for military use, which is safe for human eyes.

(3) BP+can be added to glass to make rare earth glass laser materials, which are currently the solid-state laser materials with the highest output pulse energy and output power.

(4) Ep+can also be used as an activation ion for converting laser materials.

(5) In addition, erbium can also be used for decolorization and coloring of eyeglass lenses and crystalline glass.